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CFA Level 2 道德 Part 1:职业精神
摘要CFA Level 2道德Part 1 目录 基本概念 规范:职业精神(Standards:Professionalism) 1.基本概念 纪律审查委员会(Disciplinary Review Committee): 对违规行为的调查协会 三种处罚: Private censure(私下
  CFA Level 2道德Part 1
 
  目录
 
  基本概念
 
  规范:职业精神(Standards:Professionalism)
 
  1.基本概念
 
  纪律审查委员会(Disciplinary Review Committee):
 
  对违规行为的调查协会
 
  三种处罚:
 
  Private censure(私下警告)
 
  time suspension(暂停)
 
  time revocation(永久终止)
 
  资产管理专业行为守则(AMC):
 
  和总纲与规范(Code and Standards)存在部分重合
 
  AMC=Asset Manager Code of Professional Conduct
 
  规范总纲(Code of Standards)主要针对个人,AMC主要针对机构
 
  总纲(Code):
 
  Act with integrity,competence,diligence,respect,and in an ethical manner with the public clients,prospective clients,employers,employees,colleagues in the investment profession,and other participants in the global capital markets
 
  Place the integrity of the investment profession and the interests of clients above their own personal interest
 
  Use reasonable care and exercise independent professional judgment when conducting investment analysis,making investment recommendation,taking investment actions,and engaging in other professional activities
 
  practice and encourage others to practice in a professional and ethical manner that will reflect credit on themselves and the profession
 
  Promote the integrity and viability of the global capital market for the ultimate benefit of the society
 
  Maintain and improve their professional competence and strive to maintain and improve the competence of other investment professionals.
 
  规范(Standards):
 
  职业精神(Professionalism)
 
  资本市场的诚信(Integrity of capital market)
 
  对客户的职责(Duty to clients)
 
  对雇主的责任(Duty to employers)
 
  投资(Investment)
 
  利益冲突(Conflicts Interest)
 
  作为会员的责任(Responsibility as members)
 
  2.规范:职业精神(Standards:Professionalism)
 
  规范I(A):知法(Standard I(A):Knowledge of law)
 
  规范I(B):独立与客观(Standard I(B):Independence and objectivity)
 
  规范I(C):失实称述(Standard I(C):Misrepresentation)
 
  规范I(D):不诚信行为(Standard I(D):Misconduct)
 
  a)规范I(A):知法(Standard I(A):Knowledge of law):
 
  遵守较严格的法律法则法规
 
  确信存在违规行为(Know)和怀疑存在违规行为(suspect)的区别
 
  并不要求将违规行为通报政府部门
 
  CFA要求在存在违规行为时需积极行动,不作为并不是可行的办法
 
  1.遵守较严格的法律法则法规(In the event of conflict,must comply with the more strict law,rule,or regulation)
 
  不允许明知故犯(Must not knowingly participate or assist in any violation of such laws,rules,or regulation)
 
  必须且理应了解从业国家的职业行为的相关法规(Must know and should know the laws and regulations related to their professional activities in all countries in which they conduct business)
 
  不必对全部相关法律,对合规达到法律专家级的了解程度,但需了解直接相关的行为规定法律(Not expert on all laws that could govern his activities,not expert on compliance,however,must comply with law directly governing)
CFA
  2.确信存在违规行为(Know)和怀疑存在违规行为(suspect)的区别
 
  Know->report through supervisor or compliance department->may consider confronting wrongdoers->(if unsuccessful)->dissociate and document->quit
 
  Suspect->consult->but can’t be absolved from requirements to compliance
 
  3.规范并不要求将违规行为通报政府部门,但不排除特殊情况以及有相关的法律要求(There is no requirement under Standards to report violations to governmental authorities,but this may be advisable in some circumstances and required by law in others.)
 
  在跨国生意上应该做好足够的尽职调查(Should undertake necessary due diligence when transacting cross-border business to understand the multiple applicable laws and regulations,in order to protect the reputation of the firm and themselves)
 
  一个陷阱:GIPS要求公司保存过去7年的投资记录仅用在当地不存在相关法规的情况下,如果当地法规要求保存5年,则保留5年即可
 
  b)规范I(B):独立与客观(Standard I(B):Independence and objectivity)
 
  投资决策应该是客观独立的
 
  只能接受简单的礼物,不能接受影响投资决策的礼物
 
  公司不能收,客户礼物可以收并且披露
 
  卖方分析师和买方不能互相影响
 
  聘用外部机构的时候应该是客观独立的
 
  防火墙:卖方的研究部门和投行部门不应该互相影响
 
  被研究公司付费的研究报告(Issuer-Paid research)应该平价
 
  旅游报销(Travel Funding)较好的方式是使用商用交通工具,意外招待需要披露
 
  1.不接受会影响客观判断的礼物(Reject gift that could be expected to compromise their own or another’s independence and objectivity(Best Practice))
 
  简单的,不会影响投资决策的礼物是允许的(Ordinarily,modest and normal gift is OK only if its purpose is not to influence independence.Benefits may include gifts,invitations to lavish functions,tickets,favors,job referrals,and so on.)
 
  稀有的,奢华的,难以获得的物品,属于违规礼品。例如,体育比赛的VIP席位门票
 
  2.特定公司的礼物的不能接受(相对于客户个人来说)Gift from corporate:should evaluate both the actual effect on his independence and objectivity and in the eyes of clients
 
  对于分析师来说,对决策有影响的礼物可以是来自上市公司的礼物
 
  对于基金经理来说,对决策有影响的礼物可以是来自证券公司的礼物
 
  来自客户的礼物需要披露给雇主(When possible,prior to accepting“bonuses”or gifts from clients,members and candidates should disclose to their employers such benefit offered by clients)
 
  接受客户的礼物不需要事先通知雇主(因为客户的打赏往往很难事先知)(if notification is not possible prior to acceptance,members and candidate must disclose to their employers benefits previously accepted from clients)
 
  3.卖方分析师不应该受买方基金经理的影响,买方基金经理也不应该影响卖方分析师(Buy-Side client may try to pressure sell-side analyst)
 
  证券公司(Investment bank)-卖方(sell side)的结构
 
  研究部门(Research Department)-基于公开信息发布分析报告
 
  投行部门(Investment Banking Department)发布股票债券以及收购兼并咨询(M&A Department)-消息不公开
 
  经纪部门(Broker Department)-交易平台,产生佣金收入(brokerage)
 
  资产管理部门(Asset Management Department)
 
  自营
 
  委托
 
  交易部门(Trading)
 
  4.聘用外部机构的时候应该是客观独立的(Members and candidates responsible for hiring and retaining outside managers and third-party custodians should not accept gifts,entertainment,or travel funding that may be perceived as impairing their decision)
 
  5.防火墙:卖方的研究部门和投行部门不应该互相影响(Firewall between research and investment banking should be built to minimize conflicts of interest)
 
  卖方分析师工资不能和投行部门业绩直接挂钩(Compensation arrangement that minimizes the pressures on research analysts and rewards objectivity and accuracy.Compensation should not link analyst remuneration directly to investment banking assignments in which analyst may participate as a team member)
 
  分析师工资和公司整体业绩挂钩没问题
 
  特殊情况时研究部分析师可以和投行部门人员工作,但是要注意潜在的利益从图问题(It is appropriate to have analysts work with investment bankers only when the conflicts are adequately and effectively managed and disclosed)
 
  投行部进行路演时有时候需要借用分析师的名气
 
  分析师不能被上市公司所影响,不能承诺给予利好的报告(Members and candidates at rating agencies should ensure that procedures at the agencies prevent undue influences from a sponsoring company during the analysis)
 
  6.被研究公司付费的研究报告(Issuer-Paid research)应该平价(按次数或者小时计费),而不应该和研究结果计费
 
  (Analyst’s compensation for preparing such research should be limited,and the preference is for a flat fee that is not linked to their conclusions or recommendations(directly or indirectly))
 
  7.旅游报销(Travel Funding)
 
  较好的方式是使用商用交通工具,而不是被事先安排的交通方式(Best practice:always use commercial transportation rather than accept paid travel arrangement from an outside company)
 
  商用交通工具不可用时,目的是合理的调研工作,微薄的被事先安排的交通方式也是允许的(Should comm ercial transportation be unavailable,may accept modestly arranged travel to participate in appropriate information-gathering events,such as a property tour)
 
  意外的奢华招待(事先不知道的,否则应该先进时间就拒绝了)需要通报
 
  被限制的投资方式(Restricted investments)
 
  员工能购买被研究的股票,或者参与,定增,IPO,前提是和合规部门通报(pre-approveal for employee participation in IPO,and prompt disclosure of investment actions taken following the offering)
 
  如果市场出现了超额认购(供不应求)(oversubscribe),员工不能购买其股票,因为会影响到客户购买股票(duty to client)
 
  c)规范I(C):失实称述(Standard I(C):Misrepresentation)
 
  不允许明知故犯的失实称述(Must not knowingly make any misrepresentations relating to investment analysis,recommendations,actions,or other professional activities
 
  在发现错误以后依然不修正,也是一种失实称述(Once finding misrepresentation(e.g.typographical error),correct the error as soon as possible,or violate I(C))
 
  注意它和以下两个规范的区别
 
  对客户的责任:业绩呈现(duty to clients:performance presentation)
 
  投资:与客户的沟通(investment:communication with clients)
 
  编造事实
 
  a.不能忽视极端情况
 
  b.不能故意隐瞒业绩计量和归因的数据
 
  c.不能保证存在不确定性的投资品的回报率
 
  d.明确说明公司服务范围和公司背景
 
  e.外包基金经理以及外包信息应该披露
 
  f.选取的基准的应该能够做到合理对比
 
  抄袭(Plagiarism)
 
  1.编造事实:
 
  a.不能忽视发生概率高的极端情况(Although not every model can test for every factor or outcome,should ensure that the analyses incorporate a broad range of assumptions—from very positive scenarios to extremely negative scenarios.)
 
  b.不能故意隐瞒业绩计量和归因的数据(omissions are also important in regards to what infomation is provided concerning the performance measurement and attribution process)
 
  c.不能保证存在不确定性的投资品的回报率(Guaranteeing specific return which is inherently volatile.because it is misleading to investors)
 
  比如国债,大额存单(Certificates of deposit)的回报率是可以保证
 
  公司债不可以
 
  d.明确说明公司服务范围和公司背景(A company is prohibited from saying“we can provide all services you need”.Proper way is to provide a list of services available)
 
  e.外包基金经理以及外包信息应该披露(Investing through outside managers,using third-party information)
 
  在独立与客观(standard I(B))中提到过外包的事项)
 
  f.选取的基准的应该能够做到合理对比(Members and candidates may misrepresent the success of their performance record through presenting benchmarks that are not comparable to their strategy.)
 
  2.抄袭(Plagiarism)(using excerpts from others’reports(whether verbatim or slight changes in wording without acknowledgment(reference))
 
  使用知名机构(众所周知的)的,对客观现象的描述性数据,不需要引用
 
  公司内部的数据不需要引用,而且较好能引用作者名
 
  如果是引用一段话则需要引用
 
  比如CPI数据,是来自国家统计局的数据,不需要引用
 
  但是高盛集团的数据,需要引用
 
  d)规范I(D):不诚信行为(Standard I(D):Misconduct)
 
  Must not engage in any professional conduct involving dishonesty,fraud,or deceit or commut any act that reflects adversely on their professional reputation,integrity,or competence
 
  不诚信行为和违法行为
 
  因为诈骗导致的个人破产
 
  1.不诚信行为和违法行为(Any act that involves lying,cheating,stealing,or other dishonest conduct would violate this standard if the offense reflects adversely on professional activities)
 
  2.因为诈骗导致的个人破产(Personal bankruptcy may not reflect on the integrity or trustworthiness of the person declaring bankruptcy)

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来源|(笔记整理自陆家嘴财富管理培训中心 CFA Level 2 培训课程) 若需引用或转载,请联系原作者,感谢作者的付出和努力!

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特许金融分析师(Chartered Financial Analyst,简称CFA)代表全球投资行业最高水平并受到最高道德标准约束 [4]  。CFA是由美国投资管理与研究协会(AIMR)于1963年开始设立的特许金融分析师职业资格认证。其职业考试每年举办两次,是世界上规模最大的职业考试之一,是当今世界证券投资与管理界普遍认可一种职称。