CFA考前知识点对比:【财报】第八讲
2016-12-26
摘要了解LIFO Reserve与LIFO Liquidation的关系 l LIFO Reserve(后进先出法的留存): The difference between the reported LIFO inventory carrying amount and the inventory amount that would have been reported if the FIFO method had
了解LIFO Reserve与LIFO Liquidation的关系
l LIFO Reserve(后进先出法的留存):
The difference between the reported LIFO inventory carrying amount and the inventory amount that would have been reported if the FIFO method had been used.
LIFO Reserve=FIFO Inventory–LIFO Inventory
后进先出法的留存:
指的是当前先进先出法存货的账面价值与后进先出法的账面价值之差。
如果公司使用了后进先出法,美国会计法要求在资产负债表或是财报附注中披露后进先出法的留存总额,这个披露可以为分析师在从后进先出法转到先进先出法时,调整销货成本、期末存货时提供必要的信息。
具体调整为,后进先出法下的存货价值,加上后进先出法的留存就是在先进先出法下报告的存货价值。对于后进先出到先进先出法下销货成本的调整,如果此期间后进先出法的留存上升的话,销货成本的调整要减去上升的部分,如果留存下降的话,销货成本的调整要减去下降的部分。
l LIFO Liquidation(后进先出法的清算):
A LIFO liquidation incurs when purchased volume is less sales volume.Or,the decrease in volume or quantity of inventory.In this case,the prices for goods being sold are no longer recent prices.
后进先出法的清算:
当购买量减去销量下降时,或存货量下降的时候,会发生后进先出法的清算,这种时候,商品不再以较近的价格销售。LIFO清算可以减少当期销售成本,增加当期利润,因为管理层只要减少当期采购,就会导致以前年度购买的期初存货被“清算”,从而虚增当期利润。
后进先出法清算发生的原因:
后进先出法(LIFO)的缺点在于容易被用来操纵利润,即使用所谓的“后进先出法清算(LIFO liquidation)”操纵手法。简单地说,有可能是管理层的蓄意操控,比如,经济衰退时期顾客的需求下降,公司一般会选择减库存而不是购新货,分析师应该认识到管理层是有机会通过后进先出法清算来操纵并虚增利润的,但这种高利润是不可持续的,因此财务报表中要求披露后进先出法的留存是可以判断是否有清算的发生,下降的后进先出法留存暗示着清算的发生。
例:Assume U.S.GAAP(generally accepted accounting principles)applies unless otherwise noted.A company uses the LIFO inventory method,but most of the other companies in the same industry use FIFO.Which of the following best describes one of the adjustments that would be made to the company’s financial statements to compare it with other companies in the industry?The amount reported for the company’s ending inventory should be:
A.increased by the ending balance in its LIFO reserve.
B.decreased by the ending balance in its LIFO reserve.
C.increased by the change in its LIFO reserve for that period.
【解析:】
A is correct
LIFO Reserve=FIFO Inventory-LIFO Inventory
Adding the ending balance in the LIFO reserve to the LIFO inventory would equal the ending balance for inventory on a FIFO basis.
根据后进先出留存的等式可以算出。
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相关CFA知识推荐:
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cfa一级考试真题,拿去好好消化!
来源|金融先进考 若需引用或转载,请联系原作者,感谢作者的付出和努力!
相关CFA知识推荐:
2016年12月CFA出题制度|CFA题目特征|CFA题量分布
cfa一级考试真题,拿去好好消化!